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Immune system
The immune system is the complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign invaders such as…
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CNP Contributor
Ephi Lu
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Immune cells
Immune cells are the active components of the immune system and belong to the white blood cell (WBC) category. They provide immunity to the…
Read termHomeostatic Signals
Food intake is regulated by two complementary pathways in the body and brain that signal us to consume food: the homeostatic and hedonic pathways.…
Read termHormones
Hormones are chemical signaling molecules secreted directly into the bloodstream by glands and carried in the circulation to target tissues and organs where they…
Read termHosts
Hosts in biology are larger organisms that harbor smaller organisms inside or on their bodies (Casadevall & Pirofski, 2015). In this course, we commonly…
Read termHPA Dysbiosis-Neuroinflammatory Cycle
The HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis dysbiosis-neuroinflammatory cycle is a proposed mechanism of how chronic stress and an imbalanced gut microbiota can contribute to the development…
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Emerging research highlights psychological changes experienced by GLP-1 medication users, emphasizing the need for understanding alongside physical effects.
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A study finds adherence to a Mediterranean diet boosts psychological well-being in adults aged 50+, even during COVID-19 lockdowns.
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