Ephi Lu

Immune system

The immune system is the complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign invaders such as…

Immune cells

Immune cells are the active components of the immune system and belong to the white blood cell (WBC) category. They provide immunity to the…

Homeostatic Signals

Food intake is regulated by two complementary pathways in the body and brain that signal us to consume food: the homeostatic and hedonic pathways.…

Hormones

Hormones are chemical signaling molecules secreted directly into the bloodstream by glands and carried in the circulation to target tissues and organs where they…

Hosts

Hosts in biology are larger organisms that harbor smaller organisms inside or on their bodies (Casadevall & Pirofski, 2015). In this course, we commonly…

HPA Dysbiosis-Neuroinflammatory Cycle

The HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis dysbiosis-neuroinflammatory cycle is a proposed mechanism of how chronic stress and an imbalanced gut microbiota can contribute to the development…

The Startling Link Between Sugar and Alzheimer’s

Cognitive Behavior Therapy Tops Other Psychotherapies in Reducing Inflammation

Probiotics Lower Rehospitalization Rates in Bipolar Disorder

Fast Food Makes the Immune System More Aggressive in the Long Term

Stabilize Your Mood with Food

: hormonal destabilization, inflammation/ oxidation, and insulin resistance.

A Closer Look at the Importance of Gut Mechanisms in Depression